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1. Jazz bands:

1. use a hierarchical structure with little regard for individual expression
2. use music with all parts written out in advance
3. simply interpret the intentions of a composer
4. provide an opportunity for each musician to contribute his or her own ideas to a performance

1. a harmonic language
2. a musical form
3. a genre of music
4. all of the above

1. increasingly reflected a unique American character
2. was dominated by jazz
3. was increasingly influenced by European music
4. was more popular around the world than it is today

1. provided few opportunities for African-American performers
2. often featured white actors in blackface
3. contributed few new songs to American culture
4. helped eliminate racial stereotypes

1. each member of a group improvises by themselves in turn
2. a musician improvises on more than one instrument at the same time
3. a band improvises on more than one tune at the same time
4. two or more members of a group improvise at the same time

1. because there was little interest in ragtime
2. from many types of music that were heard in New Orleans
3. by a small group of classically trained musicians
4. in isolation from most other types of music

1. bass
2. banjo
3. cornet
4. trombone

1. deemed the composer more important than the performer
2. consisted of few different musical styles
3. was not influenced by minstrelsy
4. placed more responsibility in the hands of the performer

1. at the beginning of the 18th century
2. toward the end of the 19th century
3. in the middle of the 20th century
4. toward the end of the 20th century

1. “Dixie”
2. “If I Were a Bell”
3. “My Favorite Things”
4. “Carnival of Venice”